According to the medical community on the 7th, hormones move through the blood to various parts of the body and are involved in activating and controlling functions in the body. There are about 100 types of hormones secreted by endocrine organs such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland. Examples include growth hormone, milk secretion hormone, thyroid hormone, insulin, cortisol, testosterone (male hormone), and estrogen (female hormone).
Jin Sang-wook, a professor of endocrinology at Kyung Hee University Hospital, said, "One of the ways to maintain health is to ensure that the secretion of pituitary glands that control the production and secretion of various hormones in the body, thyroid hormones that control body temperature and energy metabolism, and parathyroid hormones that control calcium concentration."
The pituitary gland is a small organ located deep inside the head. It is unlikely to be directly damaged due to its anatomical location, but it should not be reassured. This is because failure to maintain normal function due to various causes can interfere with the secretion of various hormones in the human body. When a pituitary tumor occurs, it causes an abnormal increase or decrease in pituitary hormone secretion.
If there are more or less hormones secreted by the pituitary gland than normal, it can cause rare diseases such as terminal hypertrophy, hyperprolactinemia, and Cushing's disease. Headache or visual impairment may occur due to optic nerve intersection and meningeal pressure caused by pituitary tumors, and if normal pituitary tissue is pressed, pituitary dysfunction may occur, which causes problems with normal pituitary hormone secretion.
"According to recent research, pituitary diseases should be actively treated in that they can increase the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and osteoporosis and increase the risk of colon or thyroid cancer," Professor Jin said.
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, infertility and sexual dysfunction are also caused by hormonal imbalances. Among the endocrine organs, the thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones that maintain body temperature and regulate energy metabolism, but cancer-induced resection is common. Thyroid cancer is the second most common cancer in Korean women after breast cancer. Nodules are found in about 20 to 40% of people who have undergone thyroid ultrasound, and only about 4 to 12% of them are found to be cancer through cell tests.
Park Won-seo, a professor of thyroid endocrine surgery at Kyung Hee University Hospital, said, "The basis of thyroid cancer treatment is surgery. The most important key value in choosing the best surgery depending on the progression, size, and lymph node metastasis is completeness and safety without complications."
Surgery is divided into presection and lobectomy according to the degree of thyroid removal. Prelectomy removes all of the thyroid gland, and also removes micro cancers that may be hidden in the opposite thyroid gland. It has the advantage of being able to treat radioiodine after surgery and increasing the sensitivity of blood tests used in follow-up tests, but it is more likely to take calcium drugs after surgery and has the disadvantage of taking thyroid hormone drugs for life.
Chloroplasty is performed on relatively early patients with small cancer size and no lymph node metastasis shown on imaging tests. Since only the side with cancer is removed, thyroid hormone drugs may not be taken if the thyroid function is sufficient after the surgery and the final pathology determines that it is a low-risk group.
"Because the thyroid gland surrounds the airway, which is a breathing channel, and is adjacent to important organs such as the retroperitoneal nerve that controls vocal cord movement and the parathyroid gland that regulates calcium metabolism, we prescribe thyroid hormones after surgery, and the dose is determined by functional test results and risk of recurrence," Professor Park said.
Writer: Yeyoung Jeon
(Picture from Unsplash)
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